1.1. Al + NaOH + H2O ==> NaAlO2 + 3/2H2

nH2(1)=3,36/22,4=0.15(mol)

=> nAl(1)= nH2(1):3/2= 0.15:3/2= 0.1(mol)

2.Mg + 2HCl ==> MgCl2 + H2

3.2Al + 6HCl ==> 2AlCl3 + 3H2

4.Fe + 2HCl ==> FeCl2 + H2

=> \(n_{H_2\left(2,3,4\right)}=\) 10.08/22.4= 0.45(mol)

=> nH2(3)=0.1*3/2=0.15(mol)

MgCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl

AlCl3 + 3NaOH ==> Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl

FeCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl

  nH₂ = 6,72/22,4=0,3(mol)

Vì Ag không tác dụng với dd HCl nên ta chỉ có pthh:

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H₂

 0,2                           ←      0,3

⇒mAl= 0,2.27=5,4(gam)

⇒mAg =10-5,4=4,6(gam)

\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Cu + 2H₂SO₄ → CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

Mol:      x                                           x

PTHH: Fe + 2H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

Mol:      y                                          y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}64x+56y=10,8\\x+y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,65\\y=-0,55\end{matrix}\right.\left(đềsai\right)\)

a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl₂ + H₂

a--->2a------------------>a

2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

b---->3b-------------------->1,5b

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=16,6\\a+1,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2.2+0,2.3\right).36,5}{300}.100\%=12,167\%\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) 
gọi nFe : a , nAl: b (a,b>0)  => 56a + 27b = 16,6 (g) 
\(pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) 
           a                                     a
         \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\) 
           b                                     \(\dfrac{3b}{2}\)
          
=> \(a+\dfrac{3b}{2}=0,5\) 
ta có hệ pt 
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=16,6\\a+\dfrac{3b}{2}=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\) 
=> a= 0,2 , b = 0,2 
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=16,6-11,2=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 
\(pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\) 
           0,2     0,4 
        \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\) 
           0,2    0,6 
=> \(m_{HCl}=\left(0,4+0,6\right).36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\) 
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{36,5}{200}.100\%=18,25\%\)

a) \(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\) (1)

\(2M+2xHCl->2MCl_x+xH_2\) (2)

=> \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.\dfrac{1,008}{22,4}=0,09\left(mol\right)\)

=> m_HCl = 0,09.36,5 = 3,285 (g)

Theo ĐLBTKL: \(m_A+m_{HCl}=m_{Muối}+m_{H_2}\)

=> \(m_A=4,575+0,045.2-3,285=1,38\left(g\right)\)

b) Đặt số mol Fe, M là a, b

=> 56a + M.b = 1,38 (***)

(1)(2) => a+ 0,5bx = 0,045 (*)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{46.n_{NO_2}+64.n_{SO_2}}{n_{NO_2}+n_{SO_2}}=50,5\\n_{NO_2}+n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1,8816}{22,4}=0,084\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NO_2}=0,063\\n_{SO_2}=0,021\end{matrix}\right.\)

Fe⁰ - 3e --> Fe⁺³

a---->3a

M⁰ -xe --> M^+x

b-->bx

N⁺⁵ +1e--> N⁺⁴

___0,063<-0,063

S⁺⁶ + 2e --> S⁺⁴

___0,042<-0,021

Bảo oàn e: 3a + bx = 0,105 (**)

(*)(**) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,015\\bx=0,06=>b=\dfrac{0,06}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\)

(***) => 0,015.56 + \(M.\dfrac{0,06}{x}\) = 1,38

=> M = 9x (g/mol)

Xét x = 1 => M = 9(L)

Xét x = 2 => M = 18(L)

Xét x = 3 => M = 27(Al)

n SO2 = 1,568/22,4 = 0,07(mol)

Trong bài toán kim loại tác dụng với H2SO4, ta luôn có :

n H2SO4 pư = 2n SO2 = 0,07.2 = 0,14(mol)

=> m dd H2SO4 = 0,14.98/98% = 14(gam)